What are Solvers?
Solvers are independent execution agents that compete to fulfill user intents. They use their own liquidity to pay users instantly, then receive settlement credits after verification.Solvers never touch user funds. They pay from their own pools and are reimbursed via the settlement layer.
How Solvers Operate
| Phase | Activities |
|---|---|
| Monitoring | Watch Events · Cross-chain Indexing |
| Evaluation | Check Profitability · Verify Liquidity |
| Execution | Execute Payout · Submit Proof |
| Support | Settlement (Claim Credits) · Rebalancing · Reporting (P&L) |
Solver Lifecycle
1
Monitor Events
Solver watches
OrderCreated events across all supported chains2
Evaluate Intent
For each intent, solver evaluates:
- Do I have sufficient liquidity on destination?
- Is the fee profitable after gas costs?
- Am I fast enough to win?
3
Execute
If viable, solver calls their SolverPool to execute the payout
4
Settlement
After watcher verification, solver receives USDC credit on Base
5
Rebalance
Periodically move liquidity between chains to maintain capacity
Solver Economics
| Revenue | Costs |
|---|---|
| Settlement Credit | Payout Amount |
| Execution Speed Advantage | Gas Fees |
| Capital Cost | |
| Infrastructure |
| Revenue | Cost |
|---|---|
| Settlement credit (input amount) | Payout amount to user |
| Execution timing advantage | Gas fees on destination chain |
| — | Liquidity capital cost |
| — | Infrastructure costs |
Solver profit margins are typically small per-transaction but accumulate across high volume.
Competition Model
| Factor | Description | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | First wins | Win Intent |
| Liquidity | Funds available | → |
| Coverage | More chains | Earn Credit |
| Efficiency | Lower gas |
Speed
First solver to execute wins the intent
Liquidity
Must have funds on destination chain
Coverage
More chains = more opportunities
Efficiency
Lower gas costs = better margins
Solver Requirements
To operate as a solver:| Requirement | Description |
|---|---|
| Liquidity | Capital deployed across target chains |
| Infrastructure | Monitoring, execution, and settlement systems |
| Authorization | Whitelisted by Gasyard protocol |
| SolverPools | Deployed on each supported chain |
Solver Behavior Guarantees
| Guarantee | Enforcement |
|---|---|
| No user fund access | Assets go to Gateway, not solver |
| Correct execution | Watchers verify before settlement |
| No double-spending | Order IDs are unique and tracked |
| Refunds on failure | RefundPool handles expired intents |
Off-Chain Coordination
Gasyard operates coordination infrastructure that supports solvers: Coordination Flow:- Event Indexing → Intent Classification → Solver Optimization
- State Sync → Fallback Routes
- Event indexing — Fast, reliable event monitoring
- Intent classification — Route intents to capable solvers
- Execution heuristics — Optimize solver selection
- State synchronization — Cross-chain consistency
- Fallback routing — External liquidity for edge cases
The specific algorithms and optimizations remain proprietary, as they form a key part of Gasyard’s execution advantage.
Next: Learn about Security — the multi-layer protection model.